Figures and data
A breakdown of the trials each group underwent in the first experiment.
The number of trials where the focal individual fled during a playback condition (x axis) and number of trials (y axis) where they were present for the duration of the trial (includes trials where the focal individual did move out of the video frame but not because they were fleeing).
The number of successful trials for each condition is shown above each bar.
After a fleeing event, the time in minutes until a pygmy marmoset triggered the camera trap again.
The black dot indicates the mean time to return, and confidence limits are shown for conditions where there are more than two fleeing events.
The number of trials for each condition and group in the second experiment.
The total number of playbacks where the focal individual fled and playbacks where they were present during the duration of the trial (includes playbacks where the focal individual did move out of the video frame but not because they were fleeing).
Each main anthropogenic noise condition (human speech and motor boat) is shown separately, with trials split into those where these were spliced with a control sound or a predator call. The number of successful playbacks is shown above each bar.
After a fleeing event, the time in minutes until another marmoset triggered the camera trap again.
The black dot indicates the mean time to return with confidence limits for that audio condition.
A map of the locations of the marmoset groups where the ABRs were placed in September to October 2021.
Green diamonds denote groups that underwent successful trials and were included in the final analysis. Groups that did not complete enough playbacks to be included in the final analysis are shown as purple diamonds.
a) the number of vocalisations emitted by the focal individual in experiment one. b) the number of vocalisations emitted by the focal individual in experiment two.
Experimental ABR setup.
The maroon circle denotes the position of the camera trap, the grey circle the position of the battery pack, the blue circle the placement of the speaker and the yellow circle highlights the active sap feeding holes. The image on the left was taken at the group TL14 and the right is the group RC2.
For both experiments, the time to return after the focal individual fled with the bolded numbers indicating the instances where no pygmy marmoset returned that day.
Macaulay Library Audio Samples used.
The roadside hawk and ornate hawk eagle were chosen for the full experiment due to the marmosets in the pilot having a greater reaction to their calls and the fact they are both known to eat primates or other mammals the size of the marmosets.
The ethogram used in BORIS to code the playback videos.
Experiment 1: Looking at the speaker- poisson distribution without back transformed estimates
Experiment 1: Relaxed - a negative binomial distribution without back transformed estimates
Experiment 2: Looking at the speaker - a zero inflated Poisson distribution without back transformed estimates (conditional model results reported)
Experiment 2: Looking at the camera- a negative binomial distribution without back transformed estimates
Experiment 2: Relaxed- a zero inflated Poisson distribution without back transformed estimates (conditional model results reported)
