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Amit Verma

Detlef Weigel

eLife assessment
Using a set of animal models, this valuable paper shows tumor suppressive function of the non-core regions of RAG1/2 recombinases. The conclusions are supported by solid evidence.

anonymous

Reviewer #1 (Public Review):
Summary:
In this report, Yu et al ascribe potential tumor suppressive functions to the non-core regions of RAG1/2 recombinases. Using a well-established BCR-ABL oncogene-driven system, the authors model the development of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in mice and found that RAG mutants lacking non-core regions show accelerated leukemogenesis. They further report that the loss of non-core regions of RAG1/2 increases genomic instability, possibly caused by increased off-target recombination of aberrant RAG-induced breaks. The authors conclude that the non-core regions of RAG1 in particular not only increases the fidelity of VDJ recombination, but may also influence the recombination "range" of off-target joints, and that in the absence of the non-core regions, mutant RAG1/2 (termed cRAGs) catalyze high levels of off-target recombination leading to the development of aggressive leukemia.
Strengths:
The authors used a genetically defined oncogene-driven model to study the effect of RAG non-core regions have on leukemogenesis. The animal studies were well performed and generally included a good number of mice. Therefore, the finding that cRAG expression led to development of more aggressive BCR-ABL+ leukemia compared to fRAG is solid. The authors also present some nice analyses that characterize the (genomic) nature of aggressive leukemia that develop in the absence of RAG non-core regions.
Weaknesses:
The paper relies on cRAG1/2 overexpression, an experimental limitation that needs to be taken into consideration when extrapolating the physiological relevance of the findings.

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RAG1 and RAG2 Non-core Regions Are Implicated in Leukemogenesis and Off-target V(D)J Recombination in BCR-ABL1-driven B-cell Lineage Lym-phoblastic Leukemia

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