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    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    A brain-wide analysis maps structural evolution to distinct anatomical module

    Robert A Kozol, Andrew J Conith ... Erik R Duboue
    Genetic analyses reveal that neuroanatomical areas that are developmentally related co-evolve with one another.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    Neural control of growth and size in the axolotl limb regenerate

    Kaylee M Wells, Kristina Kelley ... Catherine D McCusker
    Signaling from the limb nerves regulates the rate of growth and the overall size of the regenerating limb.
    1. Evolutionary Biology

    Recent shifts in the genomic ancestry of Mexican Americans may alter the genetic architecture of biomedical traits

    Melissa L Spear, Alex Diaz-Papkovich ... Ryan D Hernandez
    Admixture dynamics have recently changed over time in Mexican Americans resulting in an impact on the genetic architecture of phenotypic variation.
    1. Developmental Biology

    Developmental evolution of the forebrain in cavefish, from natural variations in neuropeptides to behavior

    Alexandre Alié, Lucie Devos ... Sylvie Retaux
    A comparative approach shows that developmental evolution of neuropeptidergic neuronal groups in the hypothalamus of blind cavefish drives adaptive behavioral evolution.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Evolutionary convergence of a neural mechanism in the cavefish lateral line system

    Elias T Lunsford, Alexandra Paz ... James C Liao
    The underlying neurophysiology of the lateral line system in blind cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus) has evolutionarily converged on elevated afferent neuron activity and partial loss of function in inhibitory efferent neurons, both of which contribute to enhanced sensitivity to flow stimuli.
    1. Evolutionary Biology

    Retinal oxygen supply shaped the functional evolution of the vertebrate eye

    Christian Damsgaard, Henrik Lauridsen ... Mark Bayley
    Multiple respiratory and vascular mechanisms have recurrently evolved across the vertebrates to alleviate the oxygen diffusion limitations inherent to the morphology of the retina.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Differential methylation between ethnic sub-groups reflects the effect of genetic ancestry and environmental exposures

    Joshua M Galanter, Christopher R Gignoux ... Noah Zaitlen
    An epigenome-wide study shows that ethnic self-identification and genetically determined ancestry both make important independent contributions to DNA methylation levels.
    1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Gene editing and scalable functional genomic screening in Leishmania species using the CRISPR/Cas9 cytosine base editor toolbox LeishBASEedit

    Markus Engstler, Tom Beneke
    LeishBASEedit enables gene editing in Leishmania without requiring DNA double-strand breaks, homologous recombination, or donor DNA, thereby facilitating loss-of-function screens via delivery of plasmid libraries and regardless of limitations due to gene copy number variations and/or lack of RNAi components.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Cavefish cope with environmental hypoxia by developing more erythrocytes and overexpression of hypoxia-inducible genes

    Corine M van der Weele, William R Jeffery
    Astyanax mexicanus cavefish cope with hypoxic environments by expanding embryonic hematopoietic domains, increasing the capacity for erythrocyte development, and constitutive overexpression of hypoxia-inducible genes.
    1. Cell Biology

    Diet-induced loss of adipose hexokinase 2 correlates with hyperglycemia

    Mitsugu Shimobayashi, Amandine Thomas ... Michael N Hall
    A proteomics screening in mouse adipose tissue shows that loss of adipose Hexokinase 2 is a mechanism of obesity-induced insulin insensitivity.