The AAA+ protein unfolding motor ClpX grips substrates with the uppermost part of its substrate-binding pore, and requires interactions with hydrophobic amino acid side chains to operate with optimal efficiency.
Head-to-head interactions of regulatory coiled-coil domains control activity of the central bacterial AAA+ protein ClpC by promoting formation of a reversible resting state.
Msp1, a membrane-integral AAA ATPase at mitochondria and peroxisomes, selectively recognizes uncomplexed substrate molecules in vivo while avoiding substrates stabilized by binding partners.
The projections from discrete areas to motor cortex increase over disease course in motoneuron disease model with selective spatial and temporal patterns.
Structural and biochemical studies indicate that AAA+ ATPase employ a general mechanism to translocate a variety of substrates, including extended polypeptides, hairpins, crosslinked chains, and chains conjugated to other molecules.
Cryo-EM reveals the regulation of RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 AAA-ATPases by DHX34, a helicase involved in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), and suggests mechanisms for how RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 function in NMD.
Future work using recombinant AAV as an experimental tool in the dentate gyrus or as a gene therapy for diseases of the central nervous system should be carefully evaluated.
A cryo-electron microscopy structure of a substrate-bound Vps4-Vta1 AAA ATPase reveals an asymmetric hexameric ring and suggests how nucleotide-induced changes in subunit interfaces translocate polypeptides into the central pore.
