Low expression of Cbfb may be the cause of osteoarthritis, and local admission of Cbfb may rescue and protect against osteoarthritis through decreasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and increasing Hippo/Yap signaling and Tgfβ/Smad2/3 signaling in osteoarthritis articular cartilage.

MiR 204/211 antagonize synovial inflammation and hyperproliferation by regulation of its downstream target gene Ssrp1, and decelerated RA progression.

Promoter studies identified BMP/Smad signaling as a transcriptional regulator of Ppif gene encoding cyclophilin D, a component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and gain- and loss-of-function experiments determined how such regulation affects osteogenic differentiation.