By moving between DNA segments like a child swinging on monkey bars, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 explores possible DNA damage sites more effectively.

Interactions between serines and molecules of ADP-ribose play an important role in signaling that the DNA in a cell has been damaged and needs to be repaired.

In C. elegans and mouse neurons, the balance between poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolases and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases regulates axon regeneration downstream of DLK-1/MAPKKK signaling.

Invertebrate TRPM2 channels have stable pores but act as chanzymes that hydrolyze their activating ligand ADP ribose (ADPR), whereas vertebrate TRPM2 channels are catalytically dead but undergo pore inactivation.

TRPM2 is simply a ligand gated channel and does not to possess enzymatic activity, even though it shows sequence similarity to Nudix hydrolases.

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that can kill Escherichia coli by building up internal voltage through disrupting the normal consumption of ATP.

ARH3 is an enzyme that hydrolyses serine ADP-ribosylation, a recently uncovered post-translational protein modification.

Editors' Summary: This Replication Study has reproduced some parts of the original paper but other parts could not be interpreted.