The hadal snailfish rapidly evolved and adapted to extreme deep-sea environments, modifying crucial genes and enhancing tolerance to high-hydrostatic pressure through ferritin gene duplication.

Different species-level characteristics and sociocultural factors influence scientific and societal interest in biodiversity, with important implications for species-level conservation and dissemination.

During the evolution of amniotes, the transformation of branchial arches coincided with the drastic remodeling of the ancestral extrinsic cardiac arteries, giving rise to novel ventricular coronary arteries that are unique to amniotes.

Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) from the scorpionfish Sebastes schlegelii escapes detection by BPI autoantibodies derived from people with cystic fibrosis and reveals excellent anti-inflammatory potency as well as profound antimicrobial activity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including multiple drug-resistant strains.

Disparate functions of low complexity regions of proteins can be understood through a global view of their sequences, features, and relationships across different organisms and biological contexts.

μCT-aided study illuminates the cranial endoskeleton and interrelationships of the Permian actinopterygian †Brachydegma, which is now excluded from crown neopterygians despite exhibiting a double jaw joint.

In teleost fishes, the independent evolution of electrosensory systems was repeatedly associated with evolutionary changes in brain region scaling that were independent of changes in brain–body allometry.

The primitive state of vertebrate lungs is unpaired, evolving to be truly paired in the lineage towards the tetrapods, increasing the pulmonary efficiency during the water-to-land transition.

Cranial endocasts of fossil and extant lungfish, analysed via tomography and novel principle component analyses designed for use with missing data, show that lungfish forebrain and inner ear regions show the most variation in brain shape evolution through time.

The new whale shark genome assembly represents the best gapless chondrichthyan genome assembly yet, and comparative genomic analyses provide insights into the evolution of vertebrate genome origins, immunity, and gigantism.