HIV-specific T cells remain detectable for years in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy and importantly, mostly (68%) recognize HIV viruses that have the capacity to rebound following treatment interruption.

Long-term increased testosterone improved body composition and bone density, but lowered HDL and raised risks of hypertension, androgenic alopecia, prostate cancer, and spinal stenosis in males.

Cell cycle phase-specifically induced long non-coding RNAs regulate cell proliferation by modulating crucial cell signaling pathways.

Biophysical and structural studies reveal how low piconewton forces across actin enhance binding by the critical cell-cell adhesion protein α-catenin versus its force insensitive homolog vinculin.

A molecular mechanism for force-dependent binding of the cell adhesion proteins αE-catenin and vinculin to actin is derived from the structure of the αE-catenin actin-binding domain bound to F-actin.

Purkinje cell dendritic calcium response is finely controlled by the burst activity of climbing fiber during sensory coding.

An unusual molecular mechanism has been revealed based on ultrastable histidine cluster co-aggregation underlying feedback control of an ancient cell communication pathway.

SCCmec genomic islands encode a novel primase-helicase pair in which priming ability is conferred upon an A-family DNA polymerase domain by a novel protein cofactor.

Light-sensitive allosteric switch module, a broadly applicable protein engineering method, is used for the regulation of protein activity with tight temporal control and spatial precision.

Chemical modifications near the tRNA anticodon and specific mRNA–tRNA pairs combine to control the ribosomal three-nucleotide mRNA reading frame, essential for the sequential addition of amino acids into polypeptide chains.