Phytoplasma effector SAP54 hijacks previously unknown MADS-box protein roles in plant-insect interactions by modulating plant biotic stress responses to male leafhoppers and facilitating female attraction and reproduction on male-exposed leaves.

The crenarchaeon Sulfolobus synthesizes the N-glycan core in the identical way as all Eukaryotes, which strengthens the hypothesis that the eukaryotic N-glycosylation is acquired from an ancient archaeon during eukaryogenesis.