Individual granule cells within the cerebellum-the region of the brain that coordinates movement and supports the learning of new motor skills-receive both sensory and motor input streams: an arrangement that may help the brain to use feedback to fine-tune movement.

A protein complex that enables cells to transport substances across their membranes, and that typically consists of four subunits, can also function as two hemicomplexes, each with two subunits.

A cellular motor protein helps to ensure that microtubules are oriented correctly within neuronal dendrites

The Notch signaling pathway has a central role in the formation of the circuit that controls egg-laying in the nematode worm C. elegans.

The therapeutic effects of the sleeping pill zolpidem in patients with disorders of consciousness may be due to recruitment of brain cells idling in abnormally low-frequency brain waves.

The delayed-onset of asynchronous transmitter release seen in neurons that fire repeatedly is triggered by a different source of calcium from that which triggers synchronous transmitter release.

Computer simulations show that the firing patterns of branched touch receptors can be set in part by the organization of their sensory endings in the skin.

The minus-ends of microtubules have been implicated as part of a damage sensor to initiate remodeling of nerve cells.

The protein PTRN-1 anchors microtubules in neuronal branches to promote proper neuron morphology and function in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The first complete 3D structures of mouse cholinergic neurons reveal the length and complexity of their axons, while calculations suggest that equivalent axons in the human brain are approximately than 100 meters long.