Dinucleases, specialized enzymes that catalyze the final step in RNA degradation, have evolved independently and repeatedly to fulfill essential roles in cell growth.

Brucella facilitates its intracellular parasitism by hijacking the host-regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD)-BLOS1 innate immune defense system through the disassembly of the BLOC-1-related complex that results in the perinuclear trafficking of Brucella-containing vacuoles and enhanced susceptibility to infection.

Both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria can use their sheathed flagella during host colonization as a novel toxin-/signal-delivery mechanism.

The bicontinuous nanospheres platform enables dual encapsulation and in vivo activation of lipid and protein antigen-specific T cells, resulting in enduring lipid depots for sustained immune responses.

Genome neighborhood networks provide an efficient large-scale approach to mine metabolic pathway context for entire families of proteins and enzymes.