Individual granule cells within the cerebellum-the region of the brain that coordinates movement and supports the learning of new motor skills-receive both sensory and motor input streams: an arrangement that may help the brain to use feedback to fine-tune movement.

The Notch signaling pathway has a central role in the development of the nervous system, and also in the establishment of networks of connections in the adult brain

The details of how the enzyme DNA polymerase α initiates the polymerization of nucleotides in DNA replication, a critical step in the synthesis of new chromosomal DNA, have been revealed in atomic detail.

C-terminal phosphorylation of the lipid phosphatase PTEN drives a reduction in membrane affinity and leads to a more compact conformation that involves a C2 domain-tail interaction.

The crystal structures of the intracellular part of the plexin receptor in the active dimer form, and its complex with a key downstream signalling protein Rap, provide insights into how plexin initiates a signalling cascade involved in axon guidance.

While intact mir-17-92 acts as a potent oncogene in a mouse model of Burkitt’s lymphoma, one of the six mir-17-92 components antagonizes its oncogenic cooperation with c-Myc by promoting c-Myc-induced apoptosis.

High-throughput sequencing has been used to analyze the microbiome of mouse corpses over a period of 48 days, and to provide an accurate estimate of the time since death.

A CO₂ receptor and a mechanism for the CO₂-mediated opening of gap junction hemichannels have been identified.