Constraint-based modelling predicts C4 photosynthesis evolves under resource limitation from an ancestral ground state of C3 photosynthesis and attributes divergent metabolic routes in extant C4 subtypes to light.

Metabolic exaptation of an anaplerotic nitrogen cycle between bundle sheath and mesophyll cells may explain the remarkably frequent convergent evolution of C4 photosynthesis.

Comparing maize to its wild ancestor teosinte advances our understanding of how it and other cereal crops evolved, and also identifies the genetic variation that can contribute to important agricultural traits.

Horizon scanning has been used to identify opportunities and risks presented by 20 emerging issues in the field of biological engineering.

Successful stable transformation of the dinoflagellate chloroplast genome.

Physical and chemical interactions with bacteria influence the life and death of Emiliania huxleyi, a bloom-forming micro-alga important in global biogeochemical cycles.

Evolutionary bioinformatics and experimentation are applied to the components of the Tat protein transport system to elucidate the structure of the membrane-bound receptor complex and to deduce a molecular description for its substrate-triggered activation.

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) analysis in polyextremophile red algae (Cyanidiales) provides explanations for the nonexistence of cumulative effects and eukaryotic pangenomes, and highlights differences between HGT and native genes.