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    1. Immunology and Inflammation

    LRRC8A is essential for hypotonicity-, but not for DAMP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation

    Jack P Green, Tessa Swanton ... David Brough
    Depletion of LRRC8A provides genetic evidence for the importance of Cl- channels in NLRP3 activation.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structural insights into human acid-sensing ion channel 1a inhibition by snake toxin mambalgin1

    Demeng Sun, Sanling Liu ... Lei Liu
    Mambalgin1 binds to the thumb domain of human ASIC1a channel and inhibits the channel through hindering the proton-induced transitions from the resting closed state to the active and/or desensitized state.
    1. Cell Biology

    Secreted CLCA1 modulates TMEM16A to activate Ca2+-dependent chloride currents in human cells

    Monica Sala-Rabanal, Zeynep Yurtsever ... Tom J Brett
    A functional link between representative family members of the CLCA channel regulator family and TMEM16 channels suggests that these protein families may cooperate in influencing multiple homeostatic and disease physiologies.
    1. Neuroscience
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    The dual role of chloride in synaptic vesicle glutamate transport

    Roger Chang, Jacob Eriksen, Robert H Edwards
    Whole endosome recording shows that chloride interacts with vesicular glutamate transporters as both allosteric activator and permeant ion, and although the mode of permeation differs, chloride and glutamate use a related conduction pathway.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Patient-specific mutations impair BESTROPHIN1’s essential role in mediating Ca2+-dependent Cl- currents in human RPE

    Yao Li, Yu Zhang ... Tingting Yang
    A multidisciplinary platform featured by patient-derived RPEs is established to study the disease-causing mechanisms of BEST1 mutations, and demonstrates gene-supplemented rescue of the mutation-caused deficiency in Ca2+-dependent Cl- current in human RPE.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Revealing an outward-facing open conformational state in a CLC Cl/H+ exchange transporter

    Chandra M Khantwal, Sherwin J Abraham ... Merritt Maduke
    The characterization of a previously unidentified “outward-facing open” conformational state provides a new framework for understanding the CLC transport mechanism.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
    2. Computational and Systems Biology

    Lipids and ions traverse the membrane by the same physical pathway in the nhTMEM16 scramblase

    Tao Jiang, Kuai Yu ... Emad Tajkhorshid
    A concerted approach employing equilibrium and biased molecular simulations, electrophysiology, mutagenesis, and functional assays reveals, in atomic details, the mechanism and pathway for transport of phospholipids and ions by a lipid scramblase.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Subdued, a TMEM16 family Ca2+-activated Cl channel in Drosophila melanogaster with an unexpected role in host defense

    Xiu Ming Wong, Susan Younger ... Lily Y Jan
    A newly characterized calcium-activated chloride channel has been implicated in the immune system of Drosophila, shedding light on an enigmatic family of transmembrane proteins that are ubiquitous in nature.
    1. Neuroscience

    Targeting light-gated chloride channels to neuronal somatodendritic domain reduces their excitatory effect in the axon

    Jessica E Messier, Hongmei Chen ... Mingshan Xue
    A high axonal chloride concentration explains why activation of light-gated chloride channels causes neurotransmitter release, and a novel hybrid somatodendritic targeting motif ameliorates this phenomenon and improves their inhibitory function.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Identification of TMEM206 proteins as pore of PAORAC/ASOR acid-sensitive chloride channels

    Florian Ullrich, Sandy Blin ... Thomas J Jentsch
    TMEM206 proteins are identified as constituting the pore of the widely expressed acid-activated chloride channel PAORAC/ASOR, which is important in acid toxicity.