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    1. Medicine
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Genomic variations of the mevalonate pathway in porokeratosis

    Zhenghua Zhang, Caihua Li ... Zhengwen Jiang
    Mutations in four members of the mevalonate pathway have been identified from 134 index porokeratosis patients, including some that correlate with specific clinical manifestations of the disease.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Hemi-methylated DNA regulates DNA methylation inheritance through allosteric activation of H3 ubiquitylation by UHRF1

    Joseph S Harrison, Evan M Cornett ... Scott B Rothbart
    Epigenetic modifications to DNA can regulate E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in human cells.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    A combined quantitative mass spectrometry and electron microscopy analysis of ribosomal 30S subunit assembly in E. coli

    Dipali G Sashital, Candacia A Greeman ... James R Williamson
    Comprehensive structural and compositional characterization of the in vivo 30S ribosomal assembly landscape reveals parallel pathways for 3′-domain formation and a previously unknown role for the assembly factor RimP.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Structure of substrate-bound SMG1-8-9 kinase complex reveals molecular basis for phosphorylation specificity

    Lukas M Langer, Yair Gat ... Elena Conti
    First structural view of a substrate-bound PIKK (PI3K-related-kinase) by cryo-EM explains phosphorylation specificity toward a short amino-acid motif shared across the PIKK family and rationalizes PIKK auto-inhibition by regulatory domain.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Monocyte-derived transcriptome signature indicates antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis as a potential mechanism of vaccine-induced protection against HIV-1

    Shida Shangguan, Philip K Ehrenberg ... Rasmi Thomas
    Using single-cell CITE-seq to implicate monocytes as the cellular origin of a protective HIV vaccine gene signature.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology

    A reverse transcriptase ribozyme

    Biswajit Samanta, Gerald F Joyce
    An RNA enzyme is shown to function as a reverse transcriptase, an activity thought to be crucial for the transition from RNA to DNA genomes during the early history of life on Earth.
    1. Cell Biology

    Location, location, location: Protein kinase nanoclustering for optimised signalling output

    Rachel S Gormal, Ramon Martinez-Marmol ... Frédéric A Meunier
    This article reviews the latest studies that have used super-resolution microscopy and cluster analysis methodologies to study the mechanism of protein kinase signalling hubs and their organisation at nanoscale.
    1. Cancer Biology

    A novel triptolide analog downregulates NF-κB and induces mitochondrial apoptosis pathways in human pancreatic cancer

    Qiaomu Tian, Peng Zhang ... Anita S Chong
    CK21 emerges as a compelling candidate for pancreatic cancer treatment, and its capacity to target the NF-κB pathway, induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, and do so with minimal toxicity is a significant stride in the quest for improved therapies.
    1. Cell Biology

    β-cell deletion of the PKm1 and PKm2 isoforms of pyruvate kinase in mice reveals their essential role as nutrient sensors for the KATP channel

    Hannah R Foster, Thuong Ho ... Matthew J Merrins
    Local ATP production by the plasma membrane-associated glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase is essential for the nutrient-dependent closure of the ATP-sensitive potassium channels that initiate insulin release from pancreatic β-cells.
    1. Cancer Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Topological stress triggers persistent DNA lesions in ribosomal DNA with ensuing formation of PML-nucleolar compartment

    Alexandra Urbancokova, Terezie Hornofova ... Pavla Vasicova
    Chemotherapeutics altering DNA topology evoke RNA polymerase I inhibition, rDNA damage and consequent formation of PNAs that segregate persistent rDNA lesions from the active nucleolus, with implications for rDNA maintenance and design of new cancer treatment strategies targeting rDNA repair.