Cauliflower mosaic virus reacts immediately when aphids feed on the host plant, and this boosts its chances of being taken up and transmitted by the insects to a new plant.

A protein complex that enables cells to transport substances across their membranes, and that typically consists of four subunits, can also function as two hemicomplexes, each with two subunits.

Sugar levels in leaves act as a signal for plants to switch from their juvenile to their adult form by regulating the expression of two genes.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer has been used to explore the interactions between DNA polymerases, sliding clamps and clamp loaders as DNA is replicated in human cells.

Mutagenesis studies identified an androgen receptor mutation that converts enzalutamide-a drug recently approved for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer-into an androgen receptor agonist, and modeling studies informed the design of novel drugs that are effective against the mutant receptor.

The cisternae of the Golgi contain two functionally distinct domains: the central areas, which remain stationary, and the edges or rims, which are mobile.

Quantitative observations of single-molecule binding between antigen and T cell receptor (TCR) in living primary T cells reveals unbinding kinetics, stoichiometry and signaling molecule recruitment, providing insights into the mechanisms of antigen recognition by the immune system.

Hypothemycin, which inhibits a number of protein kinases, kills the T. brucei parasites that cause sleeping sickness and reveals new therapeutic targets for the disorder.

Physical contact between two Myxococcus xanthus cells is sufficient to fuse their outer membrane transiently and exchange outer membrane proteins and lipids at high efficiency.

Membrane receptor proteins move through primary cilia largely by passive diffusion rather than by active intraflagellar transport.