By controlling the SUMOylation of the protein CAR-1, the aging-regulating pathways downstream of the Insulin/IGF signaling cascade and of the germ cells of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are integrated.
SMAD1/5 signaling is essential for the full transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced transcriptional program and physiological responses and is induced via a novel receptor activation mechanism, involving two distinct type I receptors.