The pulsatile activities of kisspeptin neurons, the central pacemaker activities of reproductive functions, show unexpected robustness in terms of frequency, but a tendency for the intensity to decline, during the transition to reproductive senescence in mice.

The auditory thalamus encodes higher-order information that emerges while learning an auditory discrimination task.

The cAMP sensor and effector Epac2 facilitates dopamine release and promotes cocaine reward.

Functionally refined organization of learned and innate threat encoding in the cholinergic basal forebrain.

Locus coeruleus responses to salient environmental stimuli drive increases in hippocampal dopamine that are important for long-term memory formation during trace fear conditioning.

Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens in mice encodes the rate and magnitude of rapid environmental luminance changes rather than visual stimulus novelty or threat intensity.

Dopamine neurons in medial versus lateral VTA encode different signals during fear extinction, yet inhibition of both populations influences fear extinction, at different times.

Neurons in the lateral habenula are activated by pain, bitterness and social defeat, and their responses are dynamically shaped by learning, suggesting a role in experience-dependent selection of behavioral actions to stressors.

Engagement of anterior insular cortex projections to the dorsolateral striatum underpins sex-differences in binge alcohol consumption behaviors.

Functional identification of GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area as a important neuronal subpopulation regulating non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in mice.