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The identification of horizontally transferred genes, and commonly transferred functions, can provide a window into the selective forces acting on species within an ecosystem.

Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, alters the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and the intestinal microbiota affect the pharmacokinetics of indomethacin.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis increased Nos2 expression through the 'gut–lung axis', and altered intracellular antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory environment by abnormal NO, ROS, and Defb1, thereby promoting Mycobacteria colonization in mouse lungs.

Analysis of suppressor mutants led to the identification of a novel signalling pathway that regulates peptidoglycan biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria.

Reengineering the nucleotide-binding pocket of an extant ATPase to restore ancestral GTPase activity revealed an ATP-dependent intermediate required for function and suggested why the protein evolved to use ATP.

A high-throughput, activity-based selection identifies many phage-derived inhibitors of Cas9 from human fecal and oral metagenomes, with at least one inhibitor acting via a novel mechanism.

Evidence suggests that the oskar gene, a critical germ line determinant in insects, was formed by fusion of bacterial and eukaryotic sequences at least 450 million years ago.

At Cuatro Ciénegas, the ancestral niche conditions of the ancient shores of Laurentia persisted along with its microbial communities that have been coevolving for a very long time.

Lactobacillus plantarum regulates host uric acid metabolism via its own nucleoside hydrolase iunH.

Horizontal gene transfer between distantly related bacterial species is frequent and widespread and can be efficiently identified using alignment-free methods.