Wide variation in cycle threshold (Ct) values from SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests over calendar time offers the potential for their broader use in public testing programmes as an ‘early-warning’ system for shifts in infectious load and hence transmission.

Well-controlled psychological experiments show that there is little overlap in how humans and convolutional networks classify adversarial images, highlighting the problem of using CNNs as models of human vision.

Brucella facilitates its intracellular parasitism by hijacking the host-regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD)-BLOS1 innate immune defense system through the disassembly of the BLOC-1-related complex that results in the perinuclear trafficking of Brucella-containing vacuoles and enhanced susceptibility to infection.

Hierarchical modeling of internalizing symptoms and task performance reveals that difficulty adapting probabilistic learning to second-order uncertainty is common to anxiety and depression and holds across rewarding and punishing outcomes.

Rapid increases in the brain’s level of alertness, or arousal, contribute to variability in decision making by reducing existing biases.

Multiple levels of gene regulation in the TGFβ signaling pathway mediate the expression of Mmp13, establish species-specific domains of bone resorption, and likely generate evolutionary variation in jaw length.

Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist and experimental model for schizophrenia, produces decision-making deficits in monkeys, which are predicted by a lowering of cortical excitation-inhibition balance in a spiking circuit model.