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    1. Ecology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Comparative genomics explains the evolutionary success of reef-forming corals

    Debashish Bhattacharya, Shobhit Agrawal ... Paul G Falkowski
    The analysis of 20 coral genomic datasets provides unprecedented insights into what makes reef-building corals unique, including the evolution of novel gene families involved in biomineralization, signaling and stress responses that have led to their evolutionary success throughout the Phanerozoic Eon.
    1. Neuroscience

    Targeting light-gated chloride channels to neuronal somatodendritic domain reduces their excitatory effect in the axon

    Jessica E Messier, Hongmei Chen ... Mingshan Xue
    A high axonal chloride concentration explains why activation of light-gated chloride channels causes neurotransmitter release, and a novel hybrid somatodendritic targeting motif ameliorates this phenomenon and improves their inhibitory function.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Proton transfer pathway in anion channelrhodopsin-1

    Masaki Tsujimura, Keiichi Kojima ... Hiroshi Ishikita
    Asp234 is deprotonated in the ground state and forms the proton transfer pathway that proceeds from the Schiff base toward Glu68 in the intermediate state of the anion channelrhodopsin GtACR1.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    The crystal structure of bromide-bound GtACR1 reveals a pre-activated state in the transmembrane anion tunnel

    Hai Li, Chia-Ying Huang ... John L Spudich
    Substrate-induced structural changes in GtACR1 provide new insight into the chemical mechanism of natural light-gated anion conductance and facilitate its optimization for photoinhibition of neuron firing in optogenetics.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Crystal structure of a natural light-gated anion channelrhodopsin

    Hai Li, Chia-Ying Huang ... John L Spudich
    The atomic structure of GtACR1 provides new insight into the chemical mechanism of natural light-gated anion membrane conductance, and enables its optimization for optogenetic photoinhibition of neuron firing.