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Lymph node gp120 specific B cells extract locally injected HIV-1 gp120 from SIGN-R1 positive macrophages that line the subcapsular sinus overlying the lymph node interfollicular channels.

Earlier menarche leads to earlier sex, marriage, and sexually transmitted infections, so is a serious disadvantage to the life chances of a young woman.

The host transmembrane protein MARCH8, previously known as an expression regulator of host proteins, is a powerful antiviral host factor with a potentially broad antiviral spectrum through two different mechanisms.

To protect mammals against retroviral infections, TRIM5 restriction factors recognize viral capsids by forming complementary hexagonal nets that can adapt to the patterns of capsid protein subunits on the viral capsid surface.

Computational evolutionary model to predict the efficacy of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) in suppressing HIV and to design optimal combination therapy with bNAbs.

HIV-1 viral protein u (Vpu) can stimulate novel versions of canonical interactions with the clathrin adaptor AP1 to counteract the host antiviral protein BST2.

An innovative strategy in genome analysis has generated a detailed description of how pathogens mutate when facing human genetic diversity.

Immune cells in the endometrium are targeted by HIV and re-programmed to allow them to survive and spread the virus throughout the body.

HIV-1 Vpr antagonises innate immune sensing of viral and non-viral stimuli by preventing activated IRF3 and NF-κB nuclear transport.

A method to assess the risk of self-sustained HIV transmission in heterosexuals from phylogenetic and epidemiological data is developed and, when applied to the Swiss HIV epidemic, shows that this risk is negligibly small for Switzerland.