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Characterisation of within-host diversity of SARS-CoV-2 provides insights into the mutational and selective mechanisms driving its evolution and has important implications for using within-host variation to inform transmission inference efforts.

Mucosal application of the anti-retroviral drug tenofovir, which is intended to prevent HIV transmission, has many off-target effects on the mucosa itself.

A novel, hybrid segmentation technique reveals human heterogeneity in barriers towards a behavior, and is applied to characterize distinct segments in voluntary medical male circumcision.

A study of tuberculosis cases in the Karonga district of Malawi reveals that the main lineages of M. tuberculosis differ in their transmission patterns and virulence.

Combining clinical and genetic data can improve the effectiveness of virus tracking with the aim of reducing the number of HIV cases by 2030.

HIV-1 Vpr antagonises innate immune sensing of viral and non-viral stimuli by preventing activated IRF3 and NF-κB nuclear transport.

A freely available computer program that takes into account specific local conditions enables users to predict the impact of adopting different diagnostic strategies on the spread of tuberculosis in their region.

Complex migration networks can help explain the development of generalized HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa.

Reconstruction of transmission pathways of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using multiple genomes per host reveals great variation in the size of the transmission bottleneck and limited evidence for body site/phylogeny association.

Combined tissue clearing, 3D-immunofluorescence, and electron tomography spatially revealed the dynamics of early HIV-1 spread within lymphoid tissues of humanized mice at the resolution of single cells and individual virions.