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Proton channels are present in reef-building corals and constitute important molecular players that should help understand calcification and the response of these organisms to ocean acidification.

The neuromodulator acetylcholine contributes to state-dependent modulation of motor vigor and variability by direct action on songbird premotor cortex, bypassing basal ganglia circuitry.

Precisely sequenced patterns of neuronal activity associated with the production of a skilled behavior begin and end as part of orchestrated activity across functionally diverse populations of cortical premotor neurons.

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine influences how male finches perform courtship songs by acting on a region of the premotor cortex called HVC.

Sensory acquisition of a motor target is associated with rapid removal of excitatory synapses and with rapid insertion of inhibitory synapses in the main song control area of songbirds.

Future vaccination strategies in pneumococcal disease should target specific bacterial serotypes for different host age groups.

The entry glycoproteins of hepatitis C virus, E1E2, possess a novel regulatory mechanism in which protein disorder is harnessed to control their activity and their ability to evade antibodies.

A population resource to investigate mechanisms of organ communication.

A novel imaging method for measuring myofibril size/number reveals that the radial growth of muscle fibers that occurs in response to increased mechanical loading is largely mediated by myofibrillogenesis.

Shortened hepatitis C therapy, with retreatment if needed, can reduce antiviral drug use in patients with mild liver disease, but day 2 viral load is not an adequate predictor of outcome.