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    1. Ecology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Effects of domestication on the gut microbiota parallel those of human industrialization

    Aspen T Reese, Katia S Chadaideh ... Rachel N Carmody
    Gut microbial signatures of domestication parallel those of industrialization, implicating shared ecological drivers.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease
    2. Physics of Living Systems

    Dynamic persistence of UPEC intracellular bacterial communities in a human bladder-chip model of urinary tract infection

    Kunal Sharma, Neeraj Dhar ... John D McKinney
    Live-cell imaging captures the heterogenity of bacterial growth within intracellular bacterial communities and demonstrates that the constituent bacteria are protected from clearance by antibiotics delivered with a physiologically relevant pharmacodynamic profile.
    1. Medicine

    Articular cartilage corefucosylation regulates tissue resilience in osteoarthritis

    Kentaro Homan, Tomohiro Onodera ... Norimasa Iwasaki
    Corefucosylation contributes to the maintenance of the articular cartilage phenotype and depletion of FUT8 inhibits recovery from cartilage damage and promotes cartilage degeneration.
    1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Global reorganisation of cis-regulatory units upon lineage commitment of human embryonic stem cells

    Paula Freire-Pritchett, Stefan Schoenfelder ... Mikhail Spivakov
    Promoter interactome maps in human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and ESC-derived early neuroectodermal progenitors link distal enhancers to putative target genes, reveal lineage-specific cis-regulatory architecture and shed light on the logic of gene regulation by multiple enhancers.
    1. Genetics and Genomics

    Limitations of principal components in quantitative genetic association models for human studies

    Yiqi Yao, Alejandro Ochoa
    It is always better to use mixed effects models over principal components association regression for genetic association studies of continuous traits, since the former models family structure and close relatives are always found in real human studies.
    1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Ancient viral genomes reveal introduction of human pathogenic viruses into Mexico during the transatlantic slave trade

    Axel A Guzmán-Solís, Viridiana Villa-Islas ... María C Ávila Arcos
    The characterization of ancient B19V and HBV genotype A4 viruses circulating during Colonial epidemics provides new insights into the pathogens that were introduced to the Americas after the European colonization.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology

    Metabolic network percolation quantifies biosynthetic capabilities across the human oral microbiome

    David B Bernstein, Floyd E Dewhirst, Daniel Segrè
    A novel metabolic network analysis method enables large-scale computational predictions of biosynthetic capabilities across the human oral microbiome, revealing a unique cluster of fastidious microorganisms and potential metabolic interdependencies.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    A map of human PRDM9 binding provides evidence for novel behaviors of PRDM9 and other zinc-finger proteins in meiosis

    Nicolas Altemose, Nudrat Noor ... Simon R Myers
    In humans, specific sequence features can predict whether meiotic recombination occurs at sites bound by the protein PRDM9, whose DNA-binding zinc-finger domain can unexpectedly bind to gene promoters and to other copies of PRDM9.
    1. Neuroscience

    Large and fast human pyramidal neurons associate with intelligence

    Natalia A Goriounova, Djai B Heyer ... Huibert D Mansvelder
    Neurons from individuals with higher IQ scores have larger dendrites, are able to maintain faster action potentials, and thus process information more efficiently.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Comparative neuroimaging of sex differences in human and mouse brain anatomy

    Elisa Guma, Antoine Beauchamp ... Jason P Lerch
    Comparative neuroimaging quantifies the congruence of regional neuroanatomical sex differences between humans and mice.