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Mitochondrial proteins Nfu1 and BolA3 mediate the transfer of preformed [4Fe-4S] clusters within the mitochondria to recipient proteins to shield clusters from oxidative damage during transfer.

The essential function of ACP is not related to mitochondrial fatty acid and lipoic acid synthesis, but rather an evolutionarily-conserved role in iron sulfur cluster biogenesis.

Wing transparency in mimetic butterflies and moths is achieved by an unexpected diversity of structural features, and both structures and light transmission properties of wings are under selection for convergence.

The roundworm C. elegans transcriptionally activates five genes comprising an alternate propionate breakdown pathway when dietary vitamin B12 is low or when the canonical pathway is compromised.

Upon deletion of threonine deaminases, biosynthesis of isoleucine is rescued by two promiscuous reactions, one emerges under aerobic conditions and the other is naturally active under anaerobic conditions.

Changes in pathways of lipid oxidation, glycolysis, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation are common strategies to cope with high-altitude hypoxia, but some changes require longer evolutionary time to arise.

Hypoxia does not increase glycolysis in proliferating primary cells and antagonizes the increase in glycolysis caused by activation of hypoxia-inducible factor in normoxia, in part, through activation of MYC signaling pathways.

Loss of full-length dystrophin expression causes significant molecular and functional defects in human and mouse myoblast, thus closing the vicious cycle of DMD pathology.

Stramenopiles are unusual, because the pay-off phase of glycolysis occurs in mitochondria rather than the cytosol and the identified mitochondrial carrier links the two parts by transporting glycolytic intermediates.