Confronting different models of chromatin accessibility with temporally resolved transcription profiles favors a scenario where transcription factors actively, rather than passively, drive chromatin from the inaccessible to the accessible state.

Heterochromatin formation at transposon loci depends on dimerisation of the effector complex that elicits co-transcriptional silencing and this requirement is fulfilled by co-option of the conserved dimerisation hub protein, Cut-up/LC8.

Confidence-dependent reinforcement learning is active and produces trial-to-trial choice updating even in well-learned perceptual decisions without explicit reward biases, across species and sensory modalities.

Hippocampal axon branching, required for the formation of functional neuronal networks, is regulated by VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling during development.

A cell-free biochemical assay for protein lipidation identifies the ER–Golgi intermediate compartment as a key early station in the formation of an autophagosome.

Cations are essential cofactors in the ATP activation mechanism of the KtrAB cation channel and appear to be cofactors of many other nucleotide-dependent RCK domains.

Building on previous work (Ge et al., 2013), it is shown that the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment is a platform for the production of COPII vesicles as precursor membranes for the lipidation of LC3, which is an essential step in autophagosome biogenesis.

Legionella effector RavZ evades host autophagy by extracting LC3-PE from the membrane before deconjugation.

“Discontinuous” and “Continuous” migration modes are divergent mesenchymal migration strategies that arise spontaneously in parallel in an equilibrium modulated by cell-matrix attachment and actomyosin contractility.

When learning the reward probability of novel cues, dopamine neurons convey dissociable value and novelty signals.