The transcription machinery used to regulate gene expression and self-renewal in human embryonic stem cells is different from that found in other cells.

A protein that can recognize regions of DNA with a high proportion of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides, and then recruit polycomb group proteins to these CpG islands, has been identified.

The first survey of the complete morphologies of nerve endings in the skin of mice has revealed enormous structural diversity.

The basal body of the type-III secretion system of Yersinia enterocolitica within bacterial membranes shows elasticity and is longer than related isolated systems.

Long and short variants of a protein called UNC-13, assisted by another called Tomosyn, regulate the timing of synaptic vesicle release in C. elegans.

A structure of the complete, membrane bound, COPII coat solved by sub-tomogram averaging reveals the arrangement of all protein subunits on the membrane and suggests a mechanism for coating heterogeneously-shaped carriers.

Mechanisms that enable wild mice to survive infection with strains of the Toxoplasma gondii parasite virulent enough to kill laboratory mice offer an explanation for how these parasites have been able to persist in the mouse population.

An innovative strategy in genome analysis has generated a detailed description of how pathogens mutate when facing human genetic diversity.

Experimental evolution and systematic sequence analysis of transfer RNA genes reveal that anticodon mutations provide adaptive plasticity to the translation machinery.

Protein kinase C brings about post-tetanic potentiation - a temporary increase in synaptic strength due to increased transmitter release - via phosphorylation of a target protein, Munc18-1.