Allelic MLA immune receptors have an exceptional propensity to directly detect sequence-unrelated pathogen effectors and this feature might have facilitated functional diversification of the receptor in the host population.

Finch embryos are laid at an earlier stage than other avian embryos and contain cells with similar properties to pluripotent embryonic stem cells from mice.

Cells in tendon sheaths, considered to be extrinsic tissues of tendon, possess stem or progenitor cell properties that are involved in tendon repair by activating the Hh-TGFb/Smad3 axis.

An outer membrane vesicle pulse-chase assay demonstrates that the Acinetobacter baumannii Mla system is a retrograde lipid transporter.

A history of coevolution increases genetic variation in the susceptibility of Drosophila to viruses, largely by introducing major-effect resistance polymorphisms into populations.

A combination of bioinformatics, protein biochemistry, and X-ray crystal structures reveals new bacterial proteins that are capable of binding to sterols.

Nodal signaling regulates gastrulation cell behaviors largely in parallel with planar cell polarity signaling and is sufficient for ex vivo extension of embryonic explants.

The newly characterized activity regulating neuropeptide encoding gene Spar is a transcriptional target of the Jeb/Alk receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway in the Drosophila nervous system.

Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is a new anti-cancer target that is highly selective for basal-like breast cancer.

Calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum through the IP₃ receptor ion channel is strongly regulated by a calcium-binding protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.