Nonlinear receptive field subunits in retinal ganglion cells are isolated and characterized by clustering spike-triggered stimuli, and validated on population responses to naturalistic and novel closed loop stimuli.

A combination of physiological and perceptual experiments show that the responses of rod photoreceptors inhibit those of cones more than vice versa, and reveal both the site of the retinal interaction and the underlying mechanism.

Signals from primate rod photoreceptors do not exhibit the light-level-dependent routing through parallel retinal circuits observed in rodents and often invoked in interpreting psychophysical experiments.

Lipocalin-2 is a strong predictor of hunger scores, reflects an anti-obesity response that is deregulated in severely obese subjects, and exerts an anorexigenic function with a conserved interspecies mechanism.

A hub in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex receives unusually high and functionally diverse inputs, providing a biological interface between motivation, incentive based learning, and decision making.

Heterogeneity in perceptual sensitivity of human cone-mediated vision across wavelength originates in the cone photoreceptors, where S cones exhibit distinct functional properties in comparison to L and M cones.

An ancient integration of an endogenous retroelement in the gene encoding PD-L1 is exapted to generate a soluble form that antagonises the suppressive function of the membrane-bound form.

Electrophysiological recordings in monkeys reveal that cerebellar complex spikes encode future reward size when reward information is first made available, but not during reward delivery or smooth pursuit eye movement.

This comprehensive transcriptomic resource of dormant and replicating malaria liver parasites highlights the dearth of pathways that operate in the hypnozoites and the need to investigate druggability (i.e. selectivity and safety) of core pathways in malaria parasites.