Parallel pathways of xylose metabolism identified in fungi that grow on plants can be used in yeast to promote hemicellulose conversion to biofuels.

The widespread occurrence of metabolically active streptomycetes in Odontotaenius disjunctus beetle frass may insulate their galleries against pathogenic fungal invasion through the production of diverse antimicrobial specialized metabolites.

Cytokinin-dependent manipulation of plant metabolism is a strategy employed not only by gallers and leaf-miners but also by a free-living insect, Tupiocoris notatus, which directly transfers cytokinins at feeding sites to manipulate its host plant.

The recently discovered peptide editor TAPBPR binds to UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 to provide quality control in the antigen presentation pathway by facilitating the reglucosylation of the glycan on MHC class I molecules.

Identifying 1,907 mitochondrial somatic mutations from 1,675 tumor tissues provides new insights into the causes and effects of the mitochondrial genome mutations found in human cancers.

While SET-2 methylates histone H3K36 during transcription, ASH1 methylates this residue in repressed regions, is important for silencing, and can both positively and negatively influence methylation of histone H3K27.

Interactions in protein complexes can be predicted from evolutionary information from genomic sequences.

Electron-cryomicroscopy structures of the supercomplex of NSF, αSNAP, and neuronal SNAREs in the presence of ATP under non-hydrolyzing conditions at 3.9 Å resolution reveal interactions between the N-terminal residues of SNAP-25 and NSF.

Arabidopsis shows extensive genetic diversity in germination time distributions, which can be explained by the underlying ABA/GA network functioning as a noisy bistable switch.

Structural studies reveal the mechanism by which a HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase carries out E2-to-E3-to-substrate ubiquitin transfer and prioritizes target lysines for ubiquitination.