Deep sequencing of transcriptomes from closely related taxa shows that the whole genome can become subject to evolutionary testing within a short time frame via de novo evolution of genes.

Site-specific modification of NEMO facilitates RANKL signal specificity in myeloid progenitors and serves as a potential target to modulate inflammatory osteolysis through ISG15-dependent autophagy.

The structure of the Nef:AP-2 complex has been determined and used as the basis of a model that explains how HIV-1 Nef downregulates the CD4 receptor from the surface of the infected cells.

The comparison of three ciliate species that share complex pathways for natural genome editing allows capture of intermediate states in the acquisition of scrambled genes and elucidating a pathway for the origin and evolution of extremely rearranged chromosomes.

Nemo-like kinase is a key protein promoting the pathogenesis of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy.

The Botryllus schlosseri genome yields insights into the evolution of hematopoiesis.

Thymus ageing is characterised by both compositional and transcriptional shifts amongst epithelial cells that perturb their differentiation, contribute to organ atrophy and ultimately impair immune function.

Ultrastructural analysis of optogenetically stimulated inner hair cell ribbon synapses reveals normally sized synaptic vesicles and enhanced vesicle docking at the active zone membrane.

Gender-bias in peer reviewing might persist even when gender-equity is reached because both male and female editors operate with a same-gender preference whose characteristics differ by editor-gender.

Interactions between HIV-1 Env and human mannose receptor enhance HIV entry but restrict viral egress and spread in the absence of Vpr.