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In the extremely selective fluoride channels from the bacterial Fluc family, fluoride ions access the pore via two points, an electropositive vestibule and a triad of conserved residues involved in anion recognition.

During axolotl spinal cord regeneration adult neural stem cells reactivate an embryonic neuroepithelial cell-like gene program that implements planar cell polarity to orient cell divisions, coupling polarized spinal cord growth with stem cell self-renewal.

Gut microbiota-derived gamma-aminobutyric acid is identified as a key metabolite that metformin protect from hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.

A comprehensive structural, biochemical, and cell biological analysis reveals the molecular mechanism and significance of the conserved interaction of centromeric protein N (CENP-N) with the centromeric nucleosome.

Proline is essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by facilitating the production of proline-enriched osteoblast proteins.

Studies in murine model identify hepatic Rela-Stat3 network as a potential driver of gut inflammation and a novel therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease, offering new insights into liver-gut crosstalk.

In keratinocytes, the BRAF and RAF1 proteins work independently to balance the activity of mitogenic and stress kinase cascades and uphold the mechanical and immunological barrier functions of the epidermis.

Gut microbiota from young mice can alleviate gout and hyperuricemia in aged mice, further revealing that the metabolic product butyrate derived from the gut microbiota exerts similar therapeutic effects.

The entry glycoproteins of hepatitis C virus, E1E2, possess a novel regulatory mechanism in which protein disorder is harnessed to control their activity and their ability to evade antibodies.

Real-time visualization of Salmonella enterica and polarized macrophage interaction in the living host identifies an anti-inflammatory, pro-regenerative, and motionless macrophage subset as a survival niche during persistent infection.