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Widespread color-opponency in mouse V1 enhances object decoding in the sky, highlighting the evolutionary importance of color processing in non-primate species.

A complete connectome of the ON and OFF motion pathways of the Drosophila optic lobe is acquired using three-dimensional EM methods, and the similarities and differences of the two pathways are uncovered.

ON and OFF visual motion is computed with the same algorithm despite differences in circuit architecture.

Distinct lateral inhibitory circuits affect spiking in olfactory bulb mitral and tufted cells differently, which ultimately allows each cell type to best discriminate between similar odors in separate concentration ranges.

Retinal visual response properties in awake mice are similar to those under anesthesia or ex vivo, but not exactly the same, so knowledge of retinal function cannot be simply translated from ex vivo to in vivo.

The direction-selective circuit in the retina adjusts the contributions of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms under different stimulus conditions to generate context-dependent neural representations of visual features.

The kinesin-14 motor Kar3 moves along microtubules using a previously undescribed mechanism that critically requires the presence of a non-catalytic head.

A combination of glutamate imaging, multicompartmental modeling, and machine learning elucidates the peak theoretical and actual contributions of heterogeneous kinetics of presynaptic inputs to the computation of directional selectivity in retinal starburst amacrine cells.

Replay of recently experienced trajectories during a decision task is coupled with more effective adaptation to change, whereas replay during rest is associated with limited decision making flexibility.