The cerebral cavernous malformations complex is controlled in a blood-flow sensitive manner and affects cardiac valve leaflet morphogenesis by regulating the expression of Klf2 and of Notch signalling activity.

The genome of Thermovibrio ammonificans encodes ancestral pathways (e.g., hydrogen oxidation) and more recently acquired ones (e.g., nitrate reduction) and a hybrid pathway for CO₂ fixation.

A mouse model that grew without functional leptin receptors until adulthood reveals that early defects in leptin signaling lead to permanent metabolic and developmental problems.

Parallel losses of short-wave light sensitivity in diverse bats occurred through independent changes at multiple steps in the conversion of genotype into functional phenotype, including pre-, during, and post-transcription.

Duplication of Leishmania chromosomes combines S-phase DNA replication initiated at a single internal region with subtelomeric DNA replication detectable outside S-phase, potentially explaining genome plasticity in this important parasite.

The insect odorant receptor gene family evolved at the base of the class Insecta before the evolution of flight and perhaps as an adaptation to terrestriality, and was therefore an important evolutionary novelty for insects.

A combination of human imaging and brain stimulation techniques show that the somatosensory cortex is essential to prosocial decision making, by transforming observed pain in accurate perception of others' distress.

A new class of fungal hemoproteins is described that emphasizes the versatility of the Sec14-fold for translating binding of chemically distinct ligands to control of diverse sets of cellular activities.

In the context of susceptibility to severe COVID-19, the observations of a study provide the basis for a personalized interferon-based therapy in patients with rare TLR7 variants.

To see the world stable across saccades, the brain compensates retinal shifts induced by the movements, pre-saccadic maps of sensitivity reveal that this process takes time and follows attentional dynamics.