Changing which layer 6 neurons are active during sensory tasks disrupts the detection and encoding of changes, but still allows integration of sensory information in the absence of changes.
Humans supplement complex, resource-demanding strategies with simple heuristics for solving the exploration-exploitation dilemma, and noradrenaline functioning controls their utilisation.
From as early as primary visual cortex and across posterior cortical areas, neural responses to visual pulses during an evidence-accumulation task exhibit a multitude of task-related amplitude modulations/gain changes.
An optogenetic dual-color Ca2+-imaging approach shows how submucosal pacemaker-cells, interstitial cells of Cajal, modulate smooth-muscle responses and drive colonic motility via complex Ca2+ signaling.
Optogenetic and electrical low-frequency stimulation in the sclerotic hippocampus prevents the emergence of spontaneous focal and evoked generalized seizures in a mouse epilepsy model.
Inhibitory neurons in the hypothalamus and amygdala push and pull on the midbrain vocal gating circuit to trigger and suppress ultrasonic vocalization (USV) production in the mouse.