The first sequenced mitogenome of a mummified non-human primate connects an Egyptian baboon dated to ca. 800–540 BCE to modern baboon populations in Eritrea, Ethiopia, and eastern Sudan, providing evidence for Egyptian–Adulite trade centuries earlier than current archaeological evidence.

Among the factors that predict fitness in wild baboons, dominance rank in males, but not in females, is the best predictor of epigenetic aging.

The fabled land of Punt is mapped for the first time using quantitative methods from the disciplines of primatology, geochemistry, and geography.

Wild baboons are an excellent model to study complex evolutionary processes such as speciation and hybridization, as well as the links between sociality, longevity and reproductive success.

RNA sequencing of individuals within a wild baboon population reveals extensive power to detect functional regulatory variation, and suggests that the set of genes affected by such variation may be conserved across species.

In a population of wild baboons, a new way to assess biological age reveals a surprising effect of social hierarchy.

Ecological associations among gut bacteria are largely consistent across hosts in a population of wild baboons.

In baboon gut microbiota, most pairwise correlations in bacterial abundances are weak and negative, and bacterial correlation patterns are largely shared across hosts, rather than personalized to each hosts.

In wild baboons, a female's adverse early experiences can influence her offspring's survival years after the original adversity was experienced.