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The animal phylogeny of glutamate receptors indicates that vertebrate types do not account for all receptor classes originated during evolution, neither are they the pinnacle of a linear evolutive process.

Tronko provides a scalable solution for accurate taxonomic assignment for large-scale metabarcoding datasets by overcoming the speed and memory limitations of previous phylogenetic placement methods.

Integrated phylogenomics and mitochondrial DNA inventory of net-winged beetles across three continents suggest ~1000 undescribed species, biodiversity hot spots, and phylogeny-based classification that sets up the basis for further research.

Considerable differences are observed in the global dissemination patterns of HBV-D and HBV-A, the genotypes of which have putative origins in North Africa/Middle East (HBV-D) and the Middle East/Central Asia (HBV-A).

Introgression makes hemiplasy more likely, and the probability of hemiplasy incorporating incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression can be estimated using the presented simulation software.

High-quality genomes can be obtained from roadkill samples and used in population genomics for species delimitation with conservation implications.

A gain-of-function in a new chemical defense resulted in no trade-offs and and independent evolution between novel and ancestral defenses, suggesting low redundancy among different defensive chemicals.

Several different mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome have occurred more times than expected by chance in either mink or deer infections, suggesting species-specific viral adaptations to these animals.

A method to assess the risk of self-sustained HIV transmission in heterosexuals from phylogenetic and epidemiological data is developed and, when applied to the Swiss HIV epidemic, shows that this risk is negligibly small for Switzerland.

Ancient animal Dicer used its helicase domain to couple the detection of foreign double-stranded RNA to efficient ATP hydrolysis and antiviral defense, but this function declined before the advent of deuterostomes and vertebrates.