The production of two secondary metabolites is co-regulated in a bacterium via an intermediate in one pathway that is converted into signals to activate the second pathway.

A combination of genetics, experimental evolution and mathematical modelling defines information necessary to predict the outcome of short-term adaptive evolution.

Genetic architecture governs the evolvability of adaptive paths providing a framework for evolutionary forecasting.

Synonymous mutations can have highly variable fitness effects stemming from changes in transcription, some of which contribute to adaptation.

A bacterial tRNA gene set rapidly evolves, compensating the loss of one tRNA type by large duplication events that increase the gene copy number of a second, different tRNA type.