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The analysis of the genomes of two lineages of influenza B virus (Victoria and Yamagata) reveal that their phylodynamics are fundamentally different, and are determined by a complex relationship between virus transmission, age of infection and receptor binding preference.

A new way of measuring sociality in human and animal contact networks reveals the link between social behavior, population density, and disease transmission.

A method to assess the risk of self-sustained HIV transmission in heterosexuals from phylogenetic and epidemiological data is developed and, when applied to the Swiss HIV epidemic, shows that this risk is negligibly small for Switzerland.

In the absence of COVID-19 mitigation measures, SARS-CoV-2 remains infectious for longer than previously estimated.

Biochemical analysis on hetero-mutated c₁₀ subunits ring and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate the cooperation among c-subunits of F_oF₁-ATP synthase in rotation-coupled proton translocation.

Time-resolved transition metal ion fluorescence resonance energy transfer using a fluorescent, noncanonical amino acid donor and metal ion acceptor measures distances and distance distributions in proteins, allowing the equilibrium distributions among conformational states to be accurately determined.

Serocatalytic models applied to seroprevalence data from England reveal an increase in Enterovirus D68 transmission that occurred before 2011.

The primary molecular mechanosensor involved in a physiological process of mechanically induced cell fate differentiation is revealed here for the first time in vivo, highly sensitive and potentially shared by all metazoan epithelia.

Racial and ethnic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates can impact overall epidemic dynamics and herd immunity, underscoring the need to develop socially informed transmission models that account for population variability.

The combination of single-cell analysis and cell fate mapping studies evidenced the presence of AIRE-expressing transit-amplifying thymic epithelial cells, which differentiate into mature medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing tissue-specific antigens.