Excitatory cortical neurons with a shared developmental lineage are transcriptomically diverse and preferentially connect to each other vertically, across cortical layers, but not laterally within the same layer.

The Digital Brain Bank (open.win.ox.ac.uk/DigitalBrainBank) provides curated post-mortem imaging datasets for neuroanatomy, neuropathology, and comparative neuroanatomy investigations, with the first release containing 21 distinctive whole-brain diffusion MRI datasets, alongside microscopy and complementary MRI modalities.

A new Bayesian algorithm for tracking subjects’ choice strategies on every trial reveals when subjects learn and what they tried while doing so, providing strong evidence that reward- and loss-driven exploration change independently.

Caenorhabditis elegans require a GPCR to recognize and rapidly escape from toxin-producing Streptomyces at their head or tail.

A recurrent neural network model with parameters constrained by data explains mechanisms for how tuning properties of motor cortical neurons change during movement preparation and execution in a monkey performing a reaching task, and accurately reproduces neural dynamics from recordings.

Topographic maps can gradually increase the fidelity of sensory representations and improve signal-to-noise ratio across multiple cortical circuits, a generic architectural feature that depends solely on the modularity of topographic projections and recurrent inhibition.