In response to tissue damage, reactive oxygen species can be sensed by cation channels TRPA1/RyR to cause increases of cytosolic Ca²⁺ in intestinal stem cells, activating Ras/MAPK activity and stimulating stem cell proliferation in Drosophila.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 gene (NF1) signaling is causally linked to the acquisition of a mesenchymal gene expression program in gliomas through the regulation of the AP-1 transcription factor FOSL1.