A new fossil sheds light on the evolution of an aquatic lifestyle in extinct reptiles and supports a close phylogenetic relationship between archosaurs (crocodiles, dinosaurs, birds, and kin) and turtles.

In-silico modeling of gene and protein emergence reveals how colony-stimulating factors contributed to the evolution and functional adaptions observed in mammalian neutrophils.

Amphibians, reptiles, and birds engage pyroptosis using caspase-1 and GSDMA, filling an evolutionary gap in which caspase-1 cleaves GSDME in fish and GSDMD in mammals.

A digital flesh model of the sail-backed dinosaur Spinosaurus was tested and performed very poorly in water, favoring the view of this dinosaur as a two-legged, wading ambush predator of large fish in shallow waterways and not an aquatic dinosaur.

The incus of the middle ear plays a role in supporting the lower jaw prior to the formation of the mammalian jaw joint allowing early feeding in monotremes and marsupials.

Almost 98% of amphibian species have no regulation on their international trade, yet as 17% (1215 species) are in trade with 45% of individuals coming from the wild, including 445 Endangered/Data Deficient species, this poses a risk to species survival.

Analysis of bearded dragon model reveals a novel tooth replacement strategy that demonstrates the critical importance of epithelial patterning, cell migration, and putative stem cell functional specialization in tissue regeneration.

During the evolution of amniotes, the transformation of branchial arches coincided with the drastic remodeling of the ancestral extrinsic cardiac arteries, giving rise to novel ventricular coronary arteries that are unique to amniotes.

A new nomenclature convention for mammalian cell types utilizing shared taxonomies and quantitative cell features is applied to high-quality, open data from the mouse and human brain.

A rigorous and transparent evaluation of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for sepsis suggests it may be efficacious, although the strength of these findings is tempered by threats to validity in the studies that were included.