A novel analysis of neural activity recorded in monkeys performing a “brain-machine interface” task reveals that a mismatch between motor effectors and the brains’ internal models of those effectors can explain a substantial portion of movement errors.

Electrode recordings and optogenetics reveal that the cerebellum can modulate its response to error signals from the brainstem during motor learning.

To establish a trade-off between the speed and accuracy of a decision, neurons in lateral intraparietal cortex combine evidence bearing on the decision with a signal that incorporates the cost of time into the decision-making process.

Visual information (optic flow) can be used to discount self-generated rotations and aid in the accurate representation of heading.

Evidence of an interaction between expected reward size and visual cortical microstimulation indicates that expected reward can affect sensory representations.

Neurons in the amygdala, a brain system usually associated with emotion, track progress during sequential reward-directed choices according to an internal plan in Rhesus macaques.

Recent advances in technology now make it possible to carry out biomedical research on animals living in the wild, or captive animals living in naturalistic conditions.