The findings have a major impact in understanding the different reward systems involved in two types of addictive behavior, and these advances have implications for prevention and treatment.

Trajectories of adolescent drinking behavior between age 14 and 19 years can be predicted from bilateral striatal and cerebellar grey matter at 14 years of age.

Cells of the mammalian cochlea can be reprogrammed to produce mechanosensory hair cells, but epigenetic changes in the cochlea make this process less efficient with age.

Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA class I) polymorphisms dictate the degree of endo-lysosomal assembly, which can supplement endoplasmic reticulum assembly for constitutive HLA class I expression and increase the efficiency of cross-presentation.

The principle underlying the appearance of the growth plate, an organ responsible for longitudinal growth, has implications for various cartilage pathologies including growth abnormalities in children, trauma and osteoarthritis.

The Netrin-1 and ephrin-B2 proteins act synergistically in the developing nervous system.

The LIM-homedomain transcription factor Lhx2 confers competence to retinal progenitor cells to activate and maintain Sonic Hedgeghog signaling at physiological levels during a key phase of tissue growth and cell type generation.

The cell-surface protein Stranded at second is a targeting ligand for extracellular vesicles that can deliver dArc1 capsids containing dArc1 mRNA to distant cells in vivo.

Hygroreception, a poorly understood process critical to insect survival, depends on a small protein in the antenna of the fruit fly that was previously thought to transport odorants.

Novel variants in the BRC repeat region of BRCA2 were identified and comprehensively characterized as either deleterious or benign.