The size of the mRNA fragment protected by a ribosome depends on the ribosome's conformation, which enables studies of the distinct steps of decoding and translocation at single-codon resolution.
In nematode worms, NSUN-1 methylates ribosomal RNA and influences phenotypes related to aging, stress resistance, germ line development, and cuticle integrity by regulating translation of specific mRNAs.
Ribosome production is unexpectedly integrated into innate cell-intrinsic responses that regulate double strand DNA-sensing and inflammatory cytokine induction in infected and uninfected cells.
The messenger RNA encoding La-related protein-4 (LARP4) contains a short region of instability whose codon clusters are sensitive to low abundance tRNAs that when elevated increase LARP4 activity for poly(A) lengthening of ribosomal protein mRNAs and other mRNAs.
Thousands of "noncoding" RNAs, 5' "untranslated" regions, and pseudogenes in humans are actually translated, and some of these are likely to express functional proteins.
Single-molecule observations reveal a mechanism that may be used by multiple competing regulatory proteins to control ribosomal RNA production during rapid bacterial cell growth.
Cryo-EM structures of the 30S*RNAP complex visualize co-localization of the transcription and translation machineries and provide insights into the transcription-translation synchrony, which coordinates gene expression in bacteria.
