Mutagenizing sequences enriched with promoter motifs creates gene expression de novo, and helps to understand promoter logic, regulatory evolution, and the birth of de novo genes.

Structural analysis of the HipBST toxin–antitoxin system from E. coli shows how a toxin kinase has been split into two proteins and encodes its own inhibitor.

De novo-generated small proteins can cause deattenuation of an amino acid biosynthetic operon by direct protein–RNA interactions.

A retracting gradient of the transcription factor Tailless spatiotemporally patterns the Drosophila tail region by modulating the intrinsic dynamics of a regulatory network involving the timer genes caudal, Dichaete, and odd-paired.

Thousands of novel open-reading frames (ORFs) are translated in the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including many short ORFs that are likely to contribute to cell fitness.

An inferred mechanistic model that connects sequence (genotype) to function (constitutive gene expression phenotype) for any random sequence in Escherichia coli reveals the structure of constitutive promoters and how they evolve.

Specific amino acids in the N-terminus of the replication initiator protein DnaA inhibit translation elongation upon carbon starvation, illustrating that the identity of the N-terminal amino acids of a protein can modulate protein synthesis yield under changing conditions.