The synthesis capability of some amino acids is lost during the insect evolution, and hymenopteran parasitoids can make up for these deficiencies by altering free amino acid concentrations in host.

DECR1, a rate-limiting enzyme for polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) β-oxidation, is an androgen-repressed gene in prostate cancer cells that limits oxidative stress to promote cancer cell survival.

The HMA domains of Pikp-1 and Pikm-1 NLR receptors have convergently evolved to bind AVR-PikD with high affinity through distinct evolutionary and biochemical paths.

Primate-specific miR-934 mediates neurogenesis and downstream neuronal differentiation processes, modulating the expression of genes associated with the subplate, a region most prominent in primates, emerging during early cortical development.

Combining phylogenetic and functional approaches, it is shown that the protein sequence, the proliferative activity, and a regulatory element of TRNP1 co-evolve with brain size and folding.

Regulatory T cell suppress cytotoxic T cells in autoimmunity and cancer by taking up IL-2.

Serum exosomal sequencing combined with cell and animal experiments indicate that miRNA-199b-5p is a novel miRNA associated with osteoarthritis (OA) and can modulate the onset and progression of the disease.

The rapidly evolving X-linked MIR-506 family miRNAs function to enhance sperm competitiveness and male reproductive fitness in mice.

Linker histone H1 and cytosine DNA methylation in contexts other than CG explain patterns of 24 nucleotide small RNA biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Integrative structural biology reveals a conformational equilibrium in the Box C/D methylation enzyme that regulates the extent of site-specific 2'-O-rRNA methylation in dependence of the RNA sequence.