Biochemical and genetic tests have revealed that a liver protein called NTCP is a functional receptor for hepatitis B and D viruses, which should lead to an improved understanding of the infections caused by these viruses and assist the development of new intervention strategies.

Individual granule cells within the cerebellum-the region of the brain that coordinates movement and supports the learning of new motor skills-receive both sensory and motor input streams: an arrangement that may help the brain to use feedback to fine-tune movement.

The spindle assembly protein Bub3 recruits the checkpoint kinase Bub1 to kinetochores by binding to phosphorylated MELT repeats in the kinetochore subunit Knl1.

Peptide and nitrate transporters have been converted into fluorescent reporters of transport activity and have been used to measure various transport properties including the dual affinity of the nitrate transceptor

The molecular mechanisms by which midbrain dopamine neurons acquire the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA for synaptic release are revealed.

In the liver, microRNAs exert widespread functions in the modulation of phases and amplitudes of clock-controlled gene expression, but their influence on the core clock is remarkably mild.

Flow cytometric isolation and fate mapping shows that neurosphere-initiating cells are highly mitotically active and persist only transiently in vivo, and are distinct from quiescent, long-lived neural stem cells.

The rhythmic patterns of activity that underlie breathing are generated and coordinated by distinct populations of neurons within the brainstem.

Erastin and sorafenib inhibit system x_c^- and induce ER stress, suggesting these may be useful tools for probing the functions of system x_c^- and its role in inducing ER stress and ferroptosis.