Smurf1 and Smurf2 have essential functions in the mammalian Shh signaling pathway, binding to and ubiquitylating Patched1, leading to its endocytosis and subsequent degradation in lysosomes.

Sonic Hedgehog is transported inside cytonemes with co-receptors that promote contact-mediated signal delivery to initiate rapid, receptor-dependent responses in recipient cells.

The LIM-homedomain transcription factor Lhx2 confers competence to retinal progenitor cells to activate and maintain Sonic Hedgeghog signaling at physiological levels during a key phase of tissue growth and cell type generation.

ARL13B regulates cell ciliation and cilia length from within cilia and Sonic hedgehog response from outside of cilia indicating the two processes can be spatially uncoupled.

Developmental defects of the cochlea caused by dysregulation of sonic hedgehog signaling are the potential etiology for hearing loss in a group of ciliopathies with defective ciliogenesis.

Astrocytes modulate synaptic remodeling of developing circuits in a cell type-specific manner, with long lasting deficits in synaptic plasticity.

Retinal ganglion cell axons release the morphogen sonic hedgehog which signals through astrocytes to induce the migration of inhibitory interneurons into the developing visual thalamus.

Sonic Hedgehog signaling may temporally and spatially activate planar cell polarity signaling for cellular and tissue morphogenesis.

During development the Sonic Hedgehog protein is produced by epithelial structures and acts at a distance in the brain and perhaps in other organs.

Closure of the cranial neural tube, which is essential for mammalian development, is driven by spatially and temporally patterned cell remodeling events that require positionally regulated Sonic hedgehog signaling.